Waxa aad qoraalkan gudihiisu ugu tegaysaa qodobbadan:
Isgaadhsiintii ugu horraysay carriga Soomaalida, Warlaliyihii BBCda, Maqaamkii Sh. Jebarti, iyo Noobiyaddii Labaad ee Berbera.
W/Q Axmed Ibraahin Cawaale
Isgaadhsiintii ugu horraysay carriga Soomaalida, Warlaliyihii BBCda, Maqaamkii Sh. Jebarti, iyo Noobiyaddii Labaad ee Berbera.
W/Q Axmed Ibraahin Cawaale
aiawaleh@gmail.com
Raasigu waa dhulyare
dhererkiisu yahay 3.2 kiilomitar, oo badda Berbera hore u sii gashan, waxana uu
ku caan yahay in uu yahay dugsi iyo gabbaad maraakiibta iyo doonyaha ka
caabbiya kacdoonka badda. Ahaanshiiyaha ay magaalada Berbera ahayd, xilliyo aad
u durugsan, marsada ugu magaca weyn xeebta dheer ee carriga Soomaaliyeed waxa
door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray Raasigeeda dabiiciga ah, mana jiro ku kale oo la mid
ah oo ku yaal xeebaha Carriga Soomaaliyeed. Haddii aanu Raasigaasi jiri lahayn,
Berberana ma jirteen. Raasigani waxa uu
ka dhigay Berbera goobta ugu habboon ee doonyihii iyo
maraakiibtii hore ku soo xidhan jireen ama barroosinka dhigan
karaan. Ahmiyadda uu Raasigaasi Berbera u lahaa waxa ay ku xusan tahay
qoraal soo baxay ammin hadda laga joogo 2,000 gu’ oo magaciisa la
yidhaahdo The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea,[1]
waana kan inta Berbera iyo Raasigeeda laga xusay:
[...Marka
la dhaafo Saylac, waxa la gaadhayaa magaalo-sayladeed kale, taas oo ka roon tii
hore, waxana ay u jirtaa 800 oo stadia. Meesha barroosinka la dhigtaana waa
qoorri furan oo raasi dhinaca bari kaga yaallaa oo maayadda xooggeeda ka
ilaaliyo (kana dhigo dugsi). Halkan dadka deggani waxoogaa ayay ka doobir iyo
nabadjaceyl badan yihiin (kuwii hore). Waxa halkan loo soo dhoofshaa waxyaalaha
aynnu hore u soo sheegnay, iyo maryo gacmo gaab ah oo jilbaha jooga, koodhadh
la midabeeyay oo laga keenay Arsinoe, koobab wax lagu cabbo, waxoogaa naxaas
ah, bir, dhururi dahab iyo lacag (silver) ah, aan se badnayn. Waxyaalaha laga
dhoofiyo meelahan waa malmal, beeyo (loo yaqaan “Far-side”),
qorfe adag, duaca, Indian copal iyo macir, laga keenay Berri-Carab; iyo addoon
– in kasta oo ay yar yihiin ama aaney joogto ahayn..]
(Cutubka
9aad ee the Peripuls of the Erythrean Sea).
Muuqaalxarriiq
(sketch) ku soo baxay Buuggii Richard Burton, The First Footsteps in East
Africa (1856) oo muujinaya Raasigii, Qudbigii Sheekh Jeberti, Xabaalihii
Saadada (Bender Cabbaas), Qudbigii Sheekh Isaxaaq iyo magaaladii, magaaladii
Berbera, iyo ardaagii Ingiriiska.
Dhismeyaasha taariikhiga
ah ee ku yaal Raasiga Berbera waxa ka mid ah:
Berberi sooyaalka
war-is-gaadhsiineed ee carriga Soomaalida meel hore ayaa ay kaga jirtaa. Waxa
jiray keebal teligaraaf (telegraph) oo Badda Cas la soo dhigay, soona gaadhay
Berbera 1890kii, lana dhigay Raasiga Berbera. Khadkaasi waxa uu dalka
Ingiriiska ku xidhayay Cadan, Berbera, Hindiya iyo Ustaraaliya. Mar kale,
1912 ayaa isla Raasiga Berbera lagu rakibay qalabkii Dhiidhaada la odhan jiray
(Morse Code) ee xogaha lagu gudbin jiray, markii dambena lagu fidiyay
Hargeysa, Saylac iyo Burco.
Dhisme qalabaysnaa oo ay
BBC-du lahaan jirtay oo barnaamajyadeeda u sii lalin jiray Afrikada Bari iyo
Koonfurteed (BBC East Africa Relay Station) ayaa isna goobtaas
ka jiray. Dhismaheeda waxa la bilaabay 1959kii, waxana la howl
geliyay 1960kii. Ha yeeshee, ismaandhaaf siyaasadeed oo dhex marey
Dawladdii Soomaaliya iyo Ingiriiska oo la xidhiidha
gobolladii kale ee carriga Soomaaliyeed ee aan xilligaas ka
madaxbannaanin gumaysteyaashii kale ayaa dhaliyay in xidhiidhkii labada dal
xumaado, ugu dambaynna bishii Abril 1963kii ay xidhanto xaruntii
warlaliska ee BBCda ee ku taallay Berbera. Haatan, dhismihii oo
qalfoof ah ayaa weli taagan.
Isla meel u
dhexaysa madaxa Raasiga iyo magaalada, waxa la sheegaa in uu ku yaal Qudbigii
Sheekh Jabarti. Lama se hubo in ay meeshaasi tahay xabaashiisii dhabta ahayd
iyo in ay ahayd maqaam Sheekhaas lagu xusi jiray. Qoraal yar
oo ku saaban qudbigaas oo uu qoray in Ingiriis ah oo la odhon jiray John
Studdy Leigh oo Berbera bookhasho ku yimid 1838kii (ammin hadda laga joogo
179 gu’). Sidan ayuu faahfaahin uga bixiyay “qabrigaas”:
“Meel fogaan ahaan kala badha
caarada raasiga Berbera iyo magaalada waxa ka jira qabrigii Sheekh
Jabarti. Waa dhisme afargeesood ah oo marka meel fog laga daymoodo
qudbigu sida minaaradda u eg yaha. Markii aannu gaadhnay, nimankii
ila socday waxa ay igu dirqiyeen in aanan kabo la’aan ku gelin dhismaha
qudbiga. Badhtamaha waxa ahaa dhismihii ‘xabaasha’ oo ka samaysan
dhagaxshacaabi iyo sibidh, laguna dahaadhay laba maro oo leh midab dhalaalaya.
Qurbaan ay dad hore u soo booqday dhigeen ayaa meesha yaallay, sidoo
kale, ugxaan gorayo, oo ka mid ahaa waxyaabaha lagu qurxiyo baraha
cibaadada ayaa yaallay. Gees walba oo dhismaha xabaasha (kor dhulka
uga kacsan) waxa ka muuqday god yar oo dabqaadyada la dhigo, laguna carfiyo
xabaasha. Fooxii dabqaayada ka baxayay ayaa labadii nin ee ila
socday kor u qaadeen kuna afuufeen gudihii dhismaha iyaga oo
debnaha ka soo saaraya dhawaaq ay “Sheekha” ugu
ducaynayaan. Gidaarka iyo qayb ka mid ah derbiyayda ayaa isku dhacsanaa, sida
aan u fahmayna, ay ka dambeeyeen Wahaabiyiinti.”
“Half way between the town and
the point is the tomb of Sheikh Djibbarteyn, a square building with the
appearance of a tower at a distance. The persons who accompanied me would not
suffer me to enter without taking off my shoes. In the centre was a long tomb
of stones and mortar, covered with two cloths of brilliant hues, the offering
of some pious Mussulmen, as well as a few ostrich eggs, the usual ornaments of
a mosque. At each end of the tomb was a recess where two earthen vessels of
perfumes were placed. My companions took them both out and blowing into each
pronounced an ejaculation to the Sheikh. The roof and part of the walls of the
building were fallen in, destroyed, as I understood, by the Wahibis.”[2]
Mar aan anigu booqday
dhismahaas 2015kii, waxa jiray jid yar oo aan dhererkiisa ku hilaadiyay 200
mitir – kaas oo dhulka Raasiga wax yar kor uga kacsan oo laga sameeyay dhagac
shacaabi aan la talbiisin. Waxana loogu talo galay in qofka booqanayaa in aanu
biyaha badda cagaha la gaadhin xilliga ay baddu soo
buuxsanto. Dhismaha xaaladdiisu ma xumayn marka la barbar dhigo sida
uu ninkaas Ingiriis uga warramay 167 gu’ ka hor, waxana ay u ekayd in dayactir
laga samayn jiray. Meesha gebi ahaanteed waxa ku gedaannayd saansaan
degganaansho, oo mararka qaarkood naftaada ku xambaarayey in aad xusuus hummaag
ah aad maankaaga dib ugu giraagiriso. La yaabna ma ay lahayn,
Berbera oo la odhon jiray ‘Miskiinkoris’ ama ‘Hooyadii Masaakiinta’ in dadkeeda
qaar ay u hurdo tegi jireen xeebtaas ka ag dhow Qudbigaas. Ciidda ayaa ay kala
xaadhi jireen, ka dibna lac odhon jireen iyaga oo cirka huwan dhulkana goglan.
Arrinka saddexaad ee
sooyaalka Raasiga Berbera aynnu ku soo qaadanaynaa waa noobiyad uu Ruushku ka
dhisay caarada Raasiga Berbera (Tamara
Point) bilowgii 1970aadkii. Marka la barbar dhigo middii hore ee
ay Masaaridi dhistay (1877), kan dambe ee Raasiga ku oollaan jiray waxa laga
suubbiyey biro la isku xidhxidhay. Se dib ayaa loo dayactiray,
ahmiyaddeeduna waxa ay tahay in ay maraakiibta ku soo hagto marsada Berbera.
Kalaqaydashada aan loo
miidaan deyayn ee dhulka magaalada Berbera waxa ay keeni doontaa in raadad
taariikheed oo kuwan iyo qaar kaleba ka mid yihiin la waayi doono –
arrinkaas oo qaayodhac ku keeni kara sooyaalka hodanka ah ee magaalda iyo weliba
fursado dhaqaale iyo qaar dalxiisba. In Raasiga la magaaleeyaa, waxa ay
soo af jaraysaa fursad ay dekaddu ku fidi lahayd, una noqon lahayd marso ku
fillaan karta baahiyaha dhoofineed iyo waxsoodejineed ee qarniyada soo socda.
Raadraac
1. The
Forgotten BBC East Africa Relay Station at Berbera. (article dated May 2011)
2. James
Kirkman, John Studdy Leigh in Somalia,
3. Walsh,
L. P., Under the Flag and Somali Coast Stories (1932)
4. Burton,
Richard, First Footsteps in East Africa (1856)
5. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
[1]
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Waxa uu ahaa qoraal kooban oo uu qoray nin Giriig ah oo
naakhuude ahaa, oo aan magaciisa la
haynin, ahaana reer Alexanderia, xilligii Boqorkii Nero ka talinayay dhulka
Roomaanka. Qoraalkaasi waxa uu ahaa
hage loogu talo galay maraakiibta isaga dhex gooshi jirtay marsooyinka Badda
Cas iyo Bariga Afrika, Gacanka Berbera
(Cadmeed), Gacanka Beershiya (Iiraan) iyo Hindiya, isla markaana ka war
bixinayay ganacsiga iyo dadyowgii ku noolaa dhulalkaas.
[2] John Studdy Leigh in
SomaliaAuthor(s): James Kirkman. Source: The International Journal of African
Historical Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3 (1975), pp. 441-456
very interesting. Thank you very much indeed Adeero Ahmed Awale.
ReplyDeleteYou are welcome adeer.
ReplyDeleteMahadanid
2000 oo sano mise 200?
ReplyDeleteLaba kun oo sano.
ReplyDeleteMahadsanid.
Maqaal qiimo badan
ReplyDeleteYaab raadad taastaariikhdeed ee guunka ah waxay u dhowdahay baabi'iyaan dad hadafkoodu keliya yahay lacag samayn. Markaa nin Shiikh Jabartigu maka qabiilada Soomaaliyeed ee daaroodku ku abtirsadaanbaa?
ReplyDeleteHaa waa Sidaas. Waxa kale oo Berbera ku yaal Masaajid loogu magac daray Shiikh Cabdillaahi Majeerteen. Beryihii hore, Culimada la siyaarto maqaamyo ayaa loo samayn jiray, waxana la dhisi jiray taabuut sida qabriga oo kale, markaas ma garan karno in ay yihiin xabaalo rasmi ah iyo in ay maqaamyadaas yihiin. Meelo badan oo la sheego in ay culimo la siyaaran jiray ku aasan yihiin, waxa la sheegaa in dhismeyaal khaliya yihiin.
ReplyDeleteSi kastaba ha ahaatee, waa raadad taariikheed oo u baahan baadhitaan.
Ahmed